Apportionment
United States Senators per State = Round (Total United States Reps / 2 / Number of States)
Total Senators = United States Senators per State * Number of States
Golden Number per Senator per State = Round (Total Citizens per State / United States Senators per State)
Yes, this means that at some point we will have an odd number of Senators in every State. The downside is that small States will give the appearance of being over-represented. The upside is that State Equality is preserved for every State. The Golden Number per Senator per State is useful in showing the Citizens of every State the number of Citizens that should be in each Senatorial District for that State. Congress shall make the calculation and notify the various States of their apportionment within two weeks of receiving the census results. The total number of Representatives and the apportionment shall remain the same until the next census.
Each State will be divided into Districts by the number of Senators apportioned, each representing a Senate District at the will of the various State legislatures. The Districts will have Citizens as near to the Golden Number for Senators as possible. In those States where the number of Citizens is low, the Districts will be as nearly equal in the number of Citizens as possible. The Districts shall encompass Representative Districts completely where possible. Any Citizen in the United States may sue in court for redress if they believe a State has gamed the system to split the State in an unequal fashion even if they’re suing another State.
Voting
The winner of an Election in a Senate District shall be the winner of the popular vote and the winner of at least half of the Representative Districts in the Senate District.
No winner shall be by plurality but by majority.
In the case that there is no majority winner, then the top two vote getters shall have a runoff election over two days – the Tuesday and Wednesday of the following week. Early voting will begin the day after the election and continue until the day before the runoff election. The winner of an Election in a Senate District shall be the winner of the popular vote and the winner of at least half of the Representative Districts in the Senate District. In the case that no candidate achieves both goals, then the State legislature, sitting jointly in the case of more than one legislative House, shall vote for the candidate of their choice, each legislator having one vote. The winning candidate must rotate out at the end of the term.